diff --git a/inputs/lecture_18.tex b/inputs/lecture_18.tex index 0341da4..ab5a461 100644 --- a/inputs/lecture_18.tex +++ b/inputs/lecture_18.tex @@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ i.e.~show that if $(Z,T)$ is a proper factor of a minimal distal flow \] $X \setminus B_q = \{a \in X : \Gamma(a) < q\}$ is open, i.e.~$B_q$ is closed. - Note that $x \in F_q \coloneqq B_q \setminus B_q^\circ$ - and $B_q \setminus B_q^\circ$ is nwd + Note that $x \in F_q \coloneqq B_q \setminus \inter(B_q)$ + and $B_q \setminus \inter(B_q)$ is nwd as it is closed and has empty interior, so $\bigcup_{q \in \Q} F_q$ is meager. } diff --git a/inputs/lecture_19.tex b/inputs/lecture_19.tex index 2230fdb..fdd9135 100644 --- a/inputs/lecture_19.tex +++ b/inputs/lecture_19.tex @@ -1,9 +1,6 @@ \subsection{The Order of a Flow} \lecture{19}{2023-12-19}{Orders of Flows} -% TODO ANKI-MARKER - - See also \cite[\href{https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2008/01/24/254a-lecture-6-isometric-systems-and-isometric-extensions/}{Lecture 6}]{tao}. @@ -195,8 +192,8 @@ More generally we can show: on the fibers of $Y$ over $Z_2$ and invariant under $T$. - $\sigma$ is a metric, since if - if $\pi_2(y) = \pi_2(y')$ and $\sigma(y,y') = 0$, + $\sigma$ is a metric, + since if $\pi_2(y) = \pi_2(y')$ and $\sigma(y,y') = 0$, then $\pi_1(y) = \pi_1(y')$ or $y = y'$. \end{proof} @@ -223,6 +220,7 @@ More generally we can show: For this, we show that for all $\xi < \eta$, $(X_\xi', T)$ is a factor of $(X_\xi ,T)$ using transfinite induction. + % https://q.uiver.app/#q=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 \[\begin{tikzcd} {X'_{\eta'}} & \dots & {X'_3} & {X'_2} & {X_1'} \\ @@ -244,7 +242,8 @@ More generally we can show: \arrow["{\pi'_2}", curve={height=-18pt}, from=1-1, to=1-4] \arrow["{\pi'_1}", curve={height=-30pt}, from=1-1, to=1-5] \end{tikzcd}\] - % TODO: induction start? + + We'll only show the successor step: Suppose we have $(X'_\xi, T) = \theta((X_\xi, T)$. @@ -253,18 +252,21 @@ More generally we can show: \[Y \coloneqq \{(\pi_\xi(x), \pi'_{\xi+1}(x)) \in X_\xi \times X'_{\xi+ 1}: x \in X\}.\] Then - % https://q.uiver.app/#q=WzAsNSxbMCwwLCIoWF97XFx4aSsxfSxUKSJdLFsyLDAsIihZLFQpIl0sWzMsMSwiKFgnX3tcXHhpKzF9LFQpIl0sWzIsMiwiKFgnX1xceGksVCkiXSxbMSwxLCIoWF9cXHhpLFQpIl0sWzAsNCwiXFx0ZXh0e21heC5+aXNvfSIsMV0sWzQsMywiXFx0aGV0YSIsMV0sWzIsMywie1xcY29sb3J7b3JhbmdlfVxcdGV4dHtpc299fSIsMV0sWzEsNCwie1xcY29sb3J7b3JhbmdlfVxcdGV4dHtpc299fSIsMV0sWzEsMl0sWzAsMSwiIiwwLHsiY3VydmUiOi0xLCJzdHlsZSI6eyJib2R5Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJkYXNoZWQifX19XV0= -\[\begin{tikzcd} + % https://q.uiver.app/#q=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 +\begin{tikzcd} {(X_{\xi+1},T)} && {(Y,T)} \\ & {(X_\xi,T)} && {(X'_{\xi+1},T)} \\ && {(X'_\xi,T)} \arrow["{\text{max.~iso}}"{description}, from=1-1, to=2-2] \arrow["\theta"{description}, from=2-2, to=3-3] - \arrow["{{\color{orange}\text{iso}}}"{description}, from=2-4, to=3-3] - \arrow["{{\color{orange}\text{iso}}}"{description}, from=1-3, to=2-2] + \arrow[""{name=0, anchor=center, inner sep=0}, "{{\color{orange}\text{iso}}}"{description}, from=2-4, to=3-3] + \arrow[""{name=1, anchor=center, inner sep=0}, "{{\color{orange}\text{iso}}}"{description}, from=1-3, to=2-2] \arrow[from=1-3, to=2-4] \arrow[curve={height=-6pt}, dashed, from=1-1, to=1-3] -\end{tikzcd}\] + \arrow["{\pi'}", draw=none, from=1-3, to=2-4] + \arrow["{\theta'}", draw=none, from=0, to=3-3] + \arrow["\pi"', draw=none, from=1-3, to=1] +\end{tikzcd} The diagram commutes, since all maps are the induced maps. By definition of $Y$ is clear that $\pi$ and $\pi'$ separate points in $Y$. @@ -277,6 +279,9 @@ More generally we can show: In particular, $(X'_{\xi+1}, T)$ is a factor of $(X_{\xi+1}, T)$. \end{proof} + +% TODO ANKI-MARKER + \begin{example}[{\cite[p. 513]{Furstenberg}}] \label{ex:19:inftorus} Let $X$ be the infinite torus diff --git a/inputs/lecture_22.tex b/inputs/lecture_22.tex index ea11b14..ea4af63 100644 --- a/inputs/lecture_22.tex +++ b/inputs/lecture_22.tex @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Let $\mathbb{K} = S^1$ and $I$ a countable linear order. Let $\mathbb{K}^I$ be the product of $|I|$ many $\mathbb{K}$, $\mathbb{K}^{