diff --git a/inputs/tutorial_04.tex b/inputs/tutorial_04.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc4a069 --- /dev/null +++ b/inputs/tutorial_04.tex @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +\tutorial{04}{2023-11-14}{} + +\subsection{Sheet 4} + +% 14 / 20 + +\subsubsection{Exercise 1} + +\begin{enumerate}[(a)] + \item $\langle X_\alpha : \alpha\rangle$ + is a descending chain of closed sets (transfinite induction). + + Since $X$ is second countable, there cannot exist + uncountable strictly decreasing chains of closed sets: + + Suppose $\langle X_{\alpha}, \alpha < \omega_1\rangle$ + was such a sequence, + then $X \setminus X_{\alpha}$ is open for every $\alpha$, + Let $\{U_n : n < \omega\}$ be a countable basis. + Then $N(\alpha) = \{n | U_n \cap (X \setminus X_\alpha) \neq \emptyset\}$, + is a strictly ascending chain in $\omega$. + + \item We need to show that $X_{\alpha_0}$ is perfect and closed. + It is closed since all $X_{\alpha}$ are, + and perfect, as a closed set $F$ is perfect + iff it coincides $F'$. + + $X \setminus X_{\alpha_0}$ + is countable: + $X_{\alpha} \setminus X_{\alpha + 1}$ is + countable as for every $x$ there exists a basic open set $U$, + such that $U \cap X_{\alpha} = \{x\}$, + and the space is second countable. + Hence $X \setminus X_{\alpha_0}$ + is countable as a countable union of countable sets. +\end{enumerate} + + +\subsection{Exercise 3} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Let $Y \subseteq \R$ be $G_\delta$ + such that $Y$ and $\R \setminus Y$ are dense in $\R$. + Then $Y \cong \cN$. + + $Y$ is Polish, since it is $G_\delta$. + + $Y$ is 0-dimensional, + since the sets $(a,b) \cap Y$ for $a, b \in \R \setminus Y$ + form a clopen basis. + + Each compact subset of $Y$ has empty interior: + Let $K \subseteq Y$ be compact + and $U \subseteq K$ be open in $Y$. + Then we can find cover of $U$ that has no finite subcover $\lightning$. + + \item Let $Y \subseteq \R$ be $G_\delta$ and dense + such that $\R \setminus Y$ is dense as well. + Define $Z \coloneqq \{x \in \R^2 | |x| \in Y\} \subseteq \R^2$. + Then $Z$ is dense in $\R^2$ + and $\R^2 \setminus \Z$ is dense in $\R^2$. + + + We have that for every $y \in Y$ + $\partial B_y(0) \subseteq Z$. + + + Other example: + Consider $\R^2 \setminus \Q^2$. +\end{itemize}