diff --git a/inputs/lecture_14.tex b/inputs/lecture_14.tex index 0e3f3c5..1c90ad3 100644 --- a/inputs/lecture_14.tex +++ b/inputs/lecture_14.tex @@ -150,11 +150,20 @@ We have shown (assuming \AxC to choose contained clubs): The \vocab{diagonal intersection}, is defined to be \[ - \diagi_{\beta < \alpha} A_{\beta} \coloneqq + \diagi_{\beta < \alpha} A_{\beta} \coloneqq \{\xi < \alpha : \xi \in \bigcap \{A_{\beta} : \beta < \xi\} \} = \bigcap_{\beta < \alpha} ([0,\beta] \cup A_\beta) \] \end{definition} +\begin{remark}+ + \label{rem:diagiclosed} + Note that if $A$ is closed, + so is $[0,\alpha] \cup A$. + Since the intersection of arbitrarily many + closed sets is closed, + we get that the diagonal intersection + of closed sets is closed. +\end{remark} \begin{lemma} \label{lem:diagiclub} Let $\kappa$ be a regular, uncountable cardinal. @@ -181,22 +190,23 @@ We have shown (assuming \AxC to choose contained clubs): $\diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_{\beta}$ is closed in $\kappa$. \end{claim} \begin{subproof} - Let $\gamma < \kappa$ be such that $\left( \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_{\beta} \right) \cap \gamma$ - is unbounded in $\gamma$. - We aim to show that $\gamma \in \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_{\beta}$. - Let $\beta_0 < \gamma$. - We need to see that $\gamma \in D_{\beta_0}$. + Cf.~\yaref{rem:diagiclosed}. + % Let $\gamma < \kappa$ be such that $\left( \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_{\beta} \right) \cap \gamma$ + % is unbounded in $\gamma$. + % We aim to show that $\gamma \in \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_{\beta}$. + % Let $\beta_0 < \gamma$. + % We need to see that $\gamma \in D_{\beta_0}$. - For each $\beta_0 \le \beta' < \gamma$ - there is some $\beta'' \in \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_\beta$ - such that $\beta' \le \beta'' < \gamma$, - since $\gamma = \sup((\diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_\beta) \cap \gamma)$. - In particular $\beta'' \in D_{\beta_0}$. + % For each $\beta_0 \le \beta' < \gamma$ + % there is some $\beta'' \in \diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_\beta$ + % such that $\beta' \le \beta'' < \gamma$, + % since $\gamma = \sup((\diagi_{\beta < \kappa} D_\beta) \cap \gamma)$. + % In particular $\beta'' \in D_{\beta_0}$. - So $D_{\beta_0} \cap \gamma$ - is unbounded in $\gamma$. - Since $D_{\beta_0}$ is closed - it follows that $\gamma \in D_{\beta_0}$. + % So $D_{\beta_0} \cap \gamma$ + % is unbounded in $\gamma$. + % Since $D_{\beta_0}$ is closed + % it follows that $\gamma \in D_{\beta_0}$. %As $\beta_0 < \gamma$ was arbitrary, %this shows that $\gamma \in \diagi_{\beta < n} D_\beta$. @@ -288,6 +298,20 @@ We have shown (assuming \AxC to choose contained clubs): iff $C \cap S \neq \emptyset$ for every club $C \subseteq \kappa$. \end{definition} +\begin{remark}+[\url{https://mathoverflow.net/q/37503}] + Informally, club sets and stationary sets + can be viewed as large sets of a measure space + of measure $1$. + Clubs behave similarly to sets of measure $1$ + and stationary sets are analogous to + sets of positive measure: + \begin{itemize} + \item Every club is stationary, + \item the intersection of two clubs is a club, + \item the intersection of a club and a stationary set is stationary, + \item there exist disjoint stationary sets. + \end{itemize} +\end{remark} \begin{example} \begin{itemize} \item Every $D \subseteq \kappa$ which is club in $\kappa$