s23-probability-theory/inputs/a_2_additional_stuff.tex

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% \subsection{Additional Material}
% Important stuff not done in the lecture.
\subsection{Notions of boundedness}
The following is just a short overview of all the notions of
boundedness we used in the lecture.
\begin{definition}+[Boundedness]
Let $\cX$ be a set of random variables.
We say that $\cX$ is
\begin{itemize}
\item \vocab{uniformly bounded} iff
\[\sup_{X \in \cX} \sup_{\omega \in \Omega} |X(\omega)| < \infty,\]
\item \vocab{dominated by $f \in L^p$} for $p \ge 1$ iff
\[
\forall X \in \cX .~ |X| \le f,
\]
\item \vocab{bounded in $L^p$} for $p \ge 1$ iff
\[
\sup_{X \in \cX} \|X\|_{L^p} < \infty,
\]
\item \vocab{uniformly integrable} iff
\[
\forall \epsilon > 0 .~\exists K .~ \forall X \in \cX.~
\bE[|X| \One_{|X| > K}] < \epsilon.
\]
\end{itemize}
\end{definition}
\begin{fact}+
Let $\cX$ be a set of random variables.
Let $1 < p \le q < \infty$
Then the following implications hold:
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at (0,2.5) (ub) {$\cX$ is uniformly bounded};
\node at (-2.5,1.5) (dq) {$\cX$ is dominated by $f \in L^q$};
\node at (-2.5,0.5) (dp) {$\cX$ is dominated by $f \in L^p$};
\node at (2.5,1.0) (bq) {$\cX$ is bounded in $L^q$};
\node at (2.5,0) (bp) {$\cX$ is bounded in $L^p$};
\node at (-2.5,-0.5) (d1) {$\cX$ is dominated by $f \in L^1$};
\node at (0,-1.5) (ui) {$\cX$ is uniformly integrable};
\node at (2.5,-2.5) (b1) {$\cX$ is bounded in $L^1$};
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (ub) -- (dq);
% \draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (ub) -- (bq);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (bq) -- (bp);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (dq) -- (dp);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (dq) -- (bq);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (dp) -- (bp);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (bp) -- (ui);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (dp) -- (d1);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (d1) -- (ui);
\draw[double equal sign distance, -implies] (ui) -- (b1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{fact}
\subsection{Laplace Transforms}
\todo{Write something about Laplace Transforms}